Which type of medication is primarily used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Stimulants, such as methylphenidate or amphetamines, are primarily used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because they work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine. These chemicals play crucial roles in attention, behavior control, and impulse regulation. By enhancing the function of these neurotransmitters, stimulants can help improve focus, reduce impulsivity, and manage hyperactive behaviors in individuals with ADHD.

Instances of their effectiveness have made stimulants the first-line treatment choice for ADHD, and they are commonly prescribed due to their rapid onset of action and overall efficacy. In contrast, other classes of medications, such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and beta-blockers, are not specifically targeted for managing the core symptoms of ADHD and are typically used for other mental health conditions. Antidepressants may be used in cases where ADHD coexists with depression, but they do not directly address the primary symptoms of ADHD.