What is the typical first-line treatment for major depressive disorder?

The first-line treatment for major depressive disorder is typically Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are commonly prescribed because they have a favorable side effect profile compared to older antidepressants, making them more tolerable for patients. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which is often low in individuals with depression, thereby helping to improve mood and alleviate depressive symptoms.

SSRIs are not only effective but are also considered safer in overdose situations compared to other classes of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This safety profile, combined with their efficacy, is why SSRIs are often the first choice in clinical settings for managing major depressive disorder.

In contrast, tricyclic antidepressants can cause more side effects and require more monitoring, while monoamine oxidase inhibitors necessitate dietary restrictions and are less commonly used due to potential interactions. Atypical antidepressants may also be used in certain cases, but they are generally reserved for patients who do not respond to SSRIs or have specific symptoms that warrant their use. Thus, the selection of SSRIs as a first-line treatment aligns with current clinical practice guidelines and research findings.