What does the stress-vulnerability model suggest about mental disorders?

The stress-vulnerability model posits that mental disorders arise from a complex interaction between genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. In this model, individuals have varying levels of vulnerability to mental health issues based on their genetic predispositions. However, the expression of these disorders is not solely determined by genetics. Instead, psychological and social factors, such as stress and life experiences, can exacerbate or trigger the onset of symptoms in those who are genetically predisposed.

This comprehensive approach recognizes that while some individuals may carry genetic risk factors for certain mental health conditions, external influences—such as traumatic events, chronic stress, and social support—can play a critical role in the development and course of the disorder. Thus, the correct answer reflects the model's emphasis on the interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors in determining mental health outcomes. It acknowledges that effective treatment and preventive strategies often involve addressing both biological and psychosocial aspects.